annunciation nativity and adoration of the shepherds

Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the shepherds (Pisa, Italy - Marble) is a classical Gothic sculpture inspired by face types, beards, coiffures, and draperies, as well as the bulk and weight of the figures. The altarpiece played an important part in the ecclesiastical life of the city: new bishops of Florence would process to the church on the way back from their ordination at the cathedral, and it served as the backdrop to a ceremony in which the bishop would become symbolically married to the church. Because of the simple piety illustrated by the event, the adoration of the shepherds was a popular subject for altarpieces and other devotional paintings in both the Northern and the Italian schools in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. A charming but atypical miniature in the La Flora Hours in Naples shows the shepherds playing to the Infant Jesus, as a delighted Virgin Mary stands to one side. You must agree to the Creative Commons terms and conditions to download this image. For they came with haste. Does The Tail Of An Australian Shepherd Naturally Bob? 25 Signs Your Dog DoesnT Love You (Answered), Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, The Possession at Loudun by Michel de Certeau, Michael B. Smith, Stephen Greenblatt University of Chicago Press, 2000, The Rough Guide to Paris (Travel Guide eBook) by Rough Guides Apa Publications, 2018, Marketing Michelin: Advertising and Cultural Identity in Twentieth-Century by Stephen L. Harp, Stephen L.. Harp Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, Justice for All: The Truth about Metallica by Joel McIver Omnibus Press, 2014, The Years by Annie Ernaux, Alison L. Strayer Seven Stories Press, 2017. "O Come, All Ye Faithful" ("Adeste Fideles" in the Latin version) has a verse which runs: See how the shepherds, Adoration of the Shepherds by Giorgione, 1510. Required fields are marked *. The limited colour gives the impression that this is a night-time scene, but the use of yellow suggests that the angels light is an illuminating force. The figures look jumbled and stressed. The Nativity and the Adoration of the Shepherds Place Italy (Artist's nationality) Date Made 1507-1517 Medium Engraving in black on cream laid paper Dimensions 34.2 22.5 cm (13 1/2 8 7/8 in.) S. F. B. This particular artwork was done in a French Gothic style, characteristic of Giovanni Pisano, son of Nicola Pisano, who worked in a classical style. He finished this work in 1260 and signed with "Nicola Pisanus". The adoration of the shepherds was . The landscape varies, though scenes in the background of a Nativity very often show the shepherds on a steep hill, making visual sense of their placement above the main Nativity scene. Giovanni's father, Nicola Pisano, had created a pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral about forty years before Giovanni made this work. As described in verses 820 of the second chapter of the Gospel of Luke, shepherds were tending their flocks out in the countryside near Bethlehem, when they were terrified by the appearance of an angel. This panel represents three scenes: the Annunciation, the Birth of Jesus (Nativity) and the Adoration of the Shepherds. The massive Madonna is derived from the Phaedra on a sarcophagus in the Camposanto, Pisa. The Adoration from the Shepherds is really a 1644 oil-on-canvas painting through the French artist Georges en Tour. One moose, two moose. Giovannis father, Nicola Pisano, had created a pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral about forty years before Giovanni made this work. Language and societal norms shift, and we seek to reflect such changes as we update information made available online. "[15] This artwork depicts the birth of Jesus, a commonly depicted scene from the New Testament of the Bible. The Douay-Rheims Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate, derives from the same Greek text as the original Codex Sinaiticus, but renders it "on earth peace to men of good will. The central images showed the coronation of the Virgin by Christ surrounded by adoring saints a highly popular image in Florence. Your email address will not be published. Send us feedback about these examples. Although only the facade of the church remains today, it was one of the oldest and most important religious institutions in Florence when this altarpiece was made. And, if that doesnt work, theyll pull a Freddy Kruger on you and chop off your dick. At the end of the 16th century the theme of the adoration of the shepherds provided inspiration for genre painting, and the taste for pastoral subjects contributed to its popularity throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. This is important as it shows the transition from more Gothic styles, into its own recognizable style, with this being the in between. In Luke 1:26-39, Gabriel arrives at the home of a . Annunciation, also called Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary or Annunciation of the Lord, in Christianity, the announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive a son by the power of the Holy Spirit to be called Jesus (Luke 1:26-38). The Adoration of the Shepherds is an episode in the nativity narrative of the Gospel of Luke. The Annunciation to the Shepherds, when they are summoned by an angel to the scene, is a distinct subject. The majority of the panels which made up the main section of the altarpiece are in the National Gallery, while paintings from the predella and pilasters have been identified in other collections. Peace on earth, and mercy mild, It is related to the older but less frequently represented annunciation to the shepherds, which shows the same shepherds in the fields receiving from an angel news of the miraculous birth. Have you signed up to receive the free eBook, The Religion Teachers Guide to Lesson Planning. The novelty song "I Yust Go Nuts at Christmas" uses the line to juxtapose the meaning of the holiday with the often chaotic nature of the celebrations; as Gabriel Heatter preaches the annunciation of peace and good will, (just) at that moment, someone slugs Uncle Ben., Joachim Wtewael, Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1606, Jules Bastien-Lepage, The Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1875, Carl Bloch, The Sheperds and the angel, 1879, Heinrich Vogeler The Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1902, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Angels Appearing before the Shepherds, 1910. We could spend the rest of the day just talking about De La Tour and his masterpiece. The King James Version of the Bible translates the words of the angels differently from modern versions, using the words "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men". Giovanni Pisano carved this Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds for the pulpit of Pisa Cathedral. For example, Samuel Morse's farewell message in 1871 read "Greetings and thanks to the telegraph fraternity throughout the world. These first two panel narrative scenes, the Nativity and the Adoration of the Magi, were typical pulpit scenes in Tuscany but here Nicola gave them a natural feel which was novel for the time. "Annunciation and Adoration of the Shepherds" a relief panel on the pulpit of Sant'Andrea Pistoia, Italy French Gothic style influenced this work. For example, the 1485 Adoration of the shepherds scene by Domenico Ghirlandaio includes the annunciation to the shepherds peripherally, in the upper left corner, even though it represents an episode occurring prior to the main scene. Giovanni Pisanos looser, dynamic composition, sinuous lines, and lean elegant figures all reflect the Gothic tastes of the reigning French court. The image file is 800 pixels on the longest side. It was made up of a number of separate panels, most of which are now in the National Gallerys collection. In both the Nativity, where she reclines like an Etruscan matron, and the 'Adoration', the figure is not copied but rather studied and then mixed creatively with borrowings from other sources. So, to avoid any misunderstandings (not that De La Tour is usually one to give a damn about misunderstandings), lets just say that for a while after that fateful day, the French shepherd didnt really have much to do. While Nicola Pisano was heavily influenced by ancient Etruscan, Roman, and Early Christian ruins for his carvings, Giovanni Pisano chose to depict his figures in the Gothic style of the day. In the repetition of these shepherds in the background and again in the foreground, the artist has used what is called continuous narrative, wherein figures are repeated within the same frame of an artwork to show more than one moment of a story. The Annunciation to the Shepherds, when they are summoned by an angel to the scene, is a distinct subject. This scene links up with the Annunciation to the shepherds and Adoration of the shepherds in Maastricht, where part of the Virgin's cloak and halo can still be seen, on the right-hand side. The Roman soldiers who have been posted to guard Christs tomb from grave robbers have fallen asleep. (function(d, s, id) { There to see heaven descend to us all. Pulpit (detail): the "Nativity" and Annunciation to the Shepherds Pulpit of the Pisa baptistery [ edit] He moved to Pisa between 1245 and 1250, where his son Giovanni Pisano was born. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. You see, as much as we admire De La Tour and his incredible painting, we should probably admit that it wasnt always so calm and peaceful in the life of a French shepherd. [5], Roger Baxter reflects on verse 15 ("Let us go to Bethlehem"), writing, "Observe the prompt obedience of the shepherds, and learn thence to obey with promptitude the divine inspirations. " [6] Expressed in standard English, this gives the familiar "Peace on earth, good will to men" of many ancient Christmas carols. Or, rather, he had a lot else to doshepherding, for examplebut he felt obliged to fulfill his royal patrons wish. Similarly, in the Nativity at Night of Geertgen tot Sint Jans, the annunciation to the shepherds is seen on a hillside through an opening in the stable wall. Help keep us free by making a donation today. adoration of the shepherds, as a theme in Christian art, depiction of shepherds paying homage to the newborn Christ, an event described in The Gospel According to Luke. The disparity reflects a dispute about the Greek text of the New Testament involving a single letter. Giovanni Pisano carved this Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds for the pulpit of Pisa Cathedral. The shadow of Mary, of whom we can see only the cloak and part of the halo, is cast on the wall behind her. So, in a way, the 1759 painting was a labor of love. This particular representation arranges the figures loosely around the reclining Mary. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. No one can see Christ slothfully," says St. The shepherds, taken as Jewish, also combine with the Gentile Three Magi, in later tradition thought to be one each from the three continents then known, to represent the first declaration of the Christian message to all the peoples of the world. The Adoration of the Shepherds is a 1644 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Georges de La Tour. Naturally, the French government commissioned De La Tour to paint a piece of artwork to commemorate the tragedy. Maybe its the simple beauty of the pastoral scene, or the charm of the shepherds, that still enthralls the audience. Adoration of the Shepherds by Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1485. At the end of the fourteenth century it was rebuilt, with work completed at around the same time that this altarpiece was installed over the high altar of the choir. The altarpiece was most probably commissioned by the wealthy Florentine Albizzi family and many of its saints relate to their family or their trade as wool merchants. The Nativity with the Annunciation to the Shepherds. We will adore Him, bow down before Him, The Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds that sculpted by Nicola Pisano. Updates? The right-hand panel of this Maryan altarpiece is also still in existence, still complete and now in the Staatsgalerie Burghausen, in Bavaria. The large- scale of density composition on the panel reveals the Infancy cycle of Christ by the annunciation, nativity, and adoration of the shepherds. Bend our joyful footsteps. Christmas cantatas often deal with the Annunciation. This scene is mirrored on a panel on the other side of the central image. We could talk about the way in which the painting is a snapshot of an idealized France, where art is valued and respected. Accessed 1 May. These images come from a large, four-tiered altarpiece created for the high altar of the choir of the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. Annunciation, Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds Factual Information: From: Pistoia, Italy Period: 1297-1301 General Information: This artwork depicts the birth of Jesus, a commonly depicted scene from the New Testament of the Bible. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. Shepherds, relief panel on the baptistery pulpit, Pisa, Italy, 1259-1260. The scene is framed by panels on the left and right which show rows of saints looking on. We too will thither annunciation: [noun] March 25 observed as a church festival in commemoration of the announcement of the Incarnation to the Virgin Mary. "[2] "Suddenly a great company of the heavenly host" (the Greek word used here indicates a military formation, an army) appeared and joined the angel, singing "Glory to God in the highest heaven, and peace among those of good will."[3]. The central panel shows the coronation of the Virgin by Christ, which occurred, according to legend, after her body and soul were taken up into heaven. The angel's pronouncement is met with Mary's willing consent ("Here am I, the servant of the Lord; let it be with me . In the repetition of these shepherds in the background and again in the foreground, the artist has used what is called continuous narrative, wherein figures are repeated within the same frame of an artwork to show more than one moment of a story. The modern "Calypso Carol" has the lines "Shepherds swiftly from your stupor rise / to see the Saviour of the world," and the chorus "O now carry me to Bethlehem." While Nicola Pisano was heavily influenced by ancient Etruscan . Its central scene shows the coronation of the Virgin. This is the moment of the Annunciation of the Shepherds, when they were told that Christ had been born. Many artists have depicted the Adoration of the Shepherds. "[11] In the New American Bible, this is updated to "on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests."[12][13]. Despite the horrors that it represents, despite all that blood and all those groovy 80s synthpop effects, despite that it was actually painted to commemorate a real-life tragedy, despite all that, the French still get a thrill out of it when they see it in person, or when they hear it on French radio or television. painting of the Adoration of the shepherds, The Gospel of Luke: A commentary on the Greek text, top left of the relevant page, at the end of the sixth line of the first column, The Guide to United States Popular Culture, The Telegraph: A history of Morse's invention and its predecessors in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annunciation_to_the_shepherds&oldid=1144618872, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 17:45. It seems the French are more devoted to their past than they are to their presentespecially when it comes to art. Marble. However, this was only carried out after another piece of the panel had been sawn off. Initially depicted only as part of a broader Nativity scene, the annunciation to the shepherds became an independent subject for art in the 9th century,[19] but has remained relatively uncommon as such, except in extended cycles with many scenes. Finally, here is a short video summary and explanation of the meaning of the Annunciation story in the Bible: Filed Under: Activities, Mary, Saints, Scripture, Worksheets Tagged With: mary. We could even talk about the fact that De La Tour incorporated a real-life tragedy into a work of art. Adoration of the Shepherds by Matthias Stom, c. 163540. "[2] Deciding to do as the angel had said, the shepherds travel to Bethlehem, and find Mary and Joseph and the infant Jesus lying in the manger, just as they had been told. One of the most recognizable images from Mardi Gras is actually a work of art that the French are extremely attached to. What is the Adoration of the shepherds? Posted by Unknown at 1:13 PM The right-hand panel of this Maryan altarpiece is also still in existence, still complete and now in the Staatsgalerie Burghausen, in Bavaria. js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.4&appId=205754619489674"; The missing piece is now in Schlo Harburg and luckily it has not split, like the Maastricht fragments. So, when you break into a house at night, looking for a place to stay, all you need to do is have a sugar high and some clairs and youll be well on your way to an uneasy nights rest. "Angels We Have Heard on High" says, "Come to Bethlehem and see / Him Whose birth the angels sing.". This was once the central and uppermost part of a multi-panelled altarpiece, made for the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. German Shepherd Everything You Need to Know. The German carol "Kommet, ihr Hirten" (Come, you Shepherds) reflects the Annunciation and the Adoration of the shepherds. In the former, he based his image of Mary on a form from Etruscan tomb sculpture and in the latter he borrowed from a sarcophagus image of the Phaedra to depict her. But lets not. The Annunciation (from Latin annuntiatio), also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord, is the announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth and become the mother of Jesus Christ, the Christian Messiah and Son of God, marking the Incarnation. Many artists have depicted the Adoration of the Shepherds. https://www.britannica.com/topic/adoration-of-the-shepherds-religious-motif, National Gallery of Art - Adoration of the Shepherds. Or, perhaps, De La Tours masterpiece is a work of art that transcends time and speaks to the human consciencereminding us that, even today, beauty can still be found in the most horrifying of circumstances. The fact that Jesus is being adored by the common people, while the priests look on in contempt. It was found on Roman a sarcophagus which is made by marble. Here is a collection of activities, crafts, and worksheets you can use to teach young people about the Annunciation of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. The documents also mention a decorative painted curtain made to cover the painting. Its like an ode to a simpler time, when horror meant something more than a movie or a game. German Long-Haired Shepherd: Shedding Facts, Care, And Truths. The scene is very commonly combined with the Adoration of the Magi, which makes for a balanced composition, as the two groups often occupy opposite sides of the image space around the central figures, and represent the theological interpretation of the episode where the two groups Jewish and gentile represented the peoples of the world between them. Around 1255 he received a commission for the pulpit in the baptistery of Pisa. The phrase "Peace on earth, good will to men" has been widely used in a variety of contexts. The figures seem to portray a nervous agitation, as if moved by spiritual passion, this can be seen by the many postureofthe people represented. You have reached Britannica's public website. Each corner tells a different story keeping the audience engaged throughout this scene. It formed the middle tier of a large multi-panelled altarpiece made for the Florentine convent church of San Pier Maggiore. He wasnt exactly overjoyed to have been asked to paint a picture of the end of the worldits not like he had anything else to do. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Morse."[22]. The ox and donkey, more used to eating hay from the manger, lie beside it, while two groups of angels hover above. The annunciation to the shepherds is an episode in the Nativity of Jesus described in the Bible in Luke 2, in which angels tell a group of shepherds about the birth of Jesus. Learn a new word every day. The massive Madonna is derived from the Phaedra on a sarcophagus in the Camposanto, Pisa. "Christ is born in Bethlehem!". Or, better yet, a werewolf. This is very commonly combined with the Adoration of the Magi, which makes for a balanced composition, as the two groups often occupy opposite sides of the image space around the central figures, and fitted with the theological interpretation of the episode, where the two groups represented the peoples of the world between them. An angel surrounded by dark clouds illuminates the shepherds watching their sheep and announces the birth of Christ to them. This is the moment of the Annunciation of the Shepherds, when they were told that Christ had been born. Scenes showing the shepherds at the side of the crib are a different subject, formally known as the Adoration of the shepherds. This panel is the second in a series of scenes of the life of Christ, part of a multi-panelled altarpiece made for the church of San Pier Maggiore, Florence. The success of those films and books is almost beyond belief. Above this main tier was another level of pictures, showing scenes from Christs life and after his death: the Nativity and Adoration of the Kings, the Resurrection and events after it, Christs ascension to heavenand Pentecost. [4] The Greek text accepted by most modern theological scholars today[5][6] uses the words epi gs eirn en anthrpois eudokias ( ),[7] literally "on earth peace to men of good will," with the last word being in the genitive case[6] (apparently reflecting a Semitic idiom that reads strangely in Greek[6]). Phillips Brooks' "O Little Town of Bethlehem" (1867) has the lines "O morning stars together, proclaim the holy birth, / And praises sing to God the King, and peace to men on earth!" Mary and the Angel Lesson Plan (The Catholic Toolbox), Gabriel Visits Mary Lesson Plan (Kids Sunday School), Annunciation Obedience Game (Mireille Mishriky), Feast of the Annunciation Spiritual Adoption Activity (Look to Him and Be Radiant), Visits from an Angel Activities (Sermons4Kids), Yes / No Youth Group Game (Young Catholics), The Annunciation Object Lesson (Future Flying Saucers), The Angelus Prayer for Children (The Religion Teacher), Annunciation Prayer Craft (Catholic Inspired), Mary and the Angel Figurine Craft (Sunday School Kids), Feast of the Annunciation Craft Activity Ideas (A Slice of Smith Life), Annunciation Coloring Pages (Family in Feast and Feria), Annunciation Coloring Page (Catholic Icing), Josephs Annunciation Worksheet (The Religion Teacher Members), The Annunciation Worksheet (The Religion Teacher Members). The Coronation of the Virgin: Central Main Tier Panel, The Adoration of the Kings: Upper Tier Panel, The Three Marys at the Sepulchre: Upper Tier Panel, The Nativity with the Annunciation to the Shepherds and the Adoration of the Shepherds: Upper Tier Panel, Research, private study, or for internal circulation within an educational organisation (such as a school, college or university), Non-profit publications, personal websites, blogs, and social media. Christ crowns the Virgin, after her body and soul have been taken up to heaven. When the altarpiece in its original, complete state, was closed, the Deathbed of Mary formed a comprehensible whole with the Ascension on the right-hand panel. Pisa Cathedral Complex, Baptistery, Baptistery Pulpit, Annunciation, Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds Description. This was one of the largest and most expensive altarpieces made in fourteenth-century Florence, for the Benedictine convent church of San Pier Maggiore, one Florences most important and oldest churches. [3] Most Christmas carols reflect this older translation, with "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear", for example, using the words "Peace on the earth, good will to men, / From Heaven's all gracious King.". Infrared reflectography has revealed that at least two artists were involved in the initial drawings for the painting such a large scale painting was likely to be a collaborative project. It is a common subject of Christian art and of Christmas carols. The painting has been attributed to Jacopo di Cione on the basis of its style. Whats more, he had to do it in the time allowed, and without any art training. Nervous agitation is detected as if "moved by spiritual passion". Famous examples include: Several well-known Christmas carols mention the adoration of the shepherds. The Nativity with the Annunciation to the Shepherds Jacopo di Cione and workshop The San Pier Maggiore Altarpiece Overview / In-depth These images come from a large, four-tiered altarpiece created for the high altar of the choir of the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. One that will forever be associated with Mardi Gras in Paris. The Virgin Mary sits on the ground worshipping the Child. The Adoration of the Shepherds, in the Nativity of Jesus in art, is a scene in which shepherds are near witnesses to the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, arriving soon after the actual birth. They are presented here as documentation, not as a reflection of Getty's values. When it comes to scaring the crap out of people, the French have some pretty classic recipes. In many of these paintings the shepherds bring humble gifts, symbolic counterparts of the magnificent ones brought by the Magi; the most frequent gift is a lamb with tied feet, perhaps also symbolizing Christs sacrifice. We could talk about the symbolism of the painting for ages. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Two shepherds, tucked around the corner of a craggy rock, look on and pray. In Renaissance art, drawing on classical stories of Orpheus, the shepherds are sometimes depicted with musical instruments. It is often combined in art with the Adoration of the Magi, in which case it is typically just referred to by the latter title. Download a low-resolution copy of this image for personal use. Get a free copy of The Religion Teacher's Guide to Lesson Planning and join more than 85,000 subscribers to The Religion Teacher. The saints arranged here neatly in rows are looking towards the central panel of the complex, four-tiered altarpiece that this picture comes from, which shows Christ crowning the Virgin Mary. However, this is a free translation of the German, which says "Hirten erst kund gemacht / durch der Engel Halleluja That is "Shepherds heard the news first, through (by means of) the angels' Halleluja. You see, once youve spent some time with De La Tours 1759 painting, the symbolism and the horror that it represents kind of go hand-in-hand. Whats more, perhaps, De La Tours 1759 painting still has the power to scare the crap out of people, even though modern convenienceslike electricity and running waterhave made such an impact on the French. This panel represents three scenes: the Annunciation, the Birth of Jesus (Nativity) and the Adoration of the Shepherds. San Pier Maggiore was founded by one of Florences patron saints, its first bishop, Saint Zenobius, in the fifth century, and became a Benedictine convent in the eleventh century. What was it about the simple life of a shepherd that inspired such awe? But it wasnt always like that. While Nicola Pisano was heavily influenced by ancient Etruscan, Roman, and Early . Traces of pigment suggest that paint once increased the polychromy of the coloured marble, while the addition of black paste to some drill holes intensified the light and dark contrast of the carving. Youd think that with all the feasting, dressing up, and general merriment that accompanied Mardi Gras, that the French would have taken the time to really explore the roots of the festival, eh? Facts About German Shepherd You Never Knew. Famous depictions by Abraham Hondius and Rembrandt exist. Considering how much he was paid for the work this designer might have provided a compositional drawing as well as have designed the construction of the woodwork. ), But its not just the pastry that does the trick. This is one of the earliest night scenes in a panel painting. var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; In 1759, a massive fire swept through the city of Paris, destroying more than 12,000 homes and leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless. It is related to the older but less frequently represented annunciation to the shepherds, which shows the same shepherds in the fields receiving from an angel news of the miraculous birth. What is the Adoration of the shepherds in La Flora Hours? The picture formed the backdrop to one of the ceremonies relating to the ordination of each bishop of Florence until the late sixteenth century. Three pinnacles topped the whole construction, the central one showing the Trinity flanked on the left and right by panels showing adoring angels. In Renaissance art, drawing on classical stories of Orpheus, the shepherds are sometimes depicted with musical instruments.

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