1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

Why 1.810 14 joules? This is becoming more and more obvious as time goes by. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. This amazing device creates a region of space where the magnetic field gets larger in all directions. 1 Answer. [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. There are many ways to calculate "TNT equivalence" and the term is often misused because the property in question and basis for the equivalence are not defined. No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. Answer (1 of 3): What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Privacy Policy. - Georg Patscheider Nov 30, 2018 at 14:03 A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. [10], Such differences can be substantial. Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a, The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a cross-sectional surface area of, 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Haapai volcanic eruption, total energy produced worldwide by all nuclear testing and combat, "Tons (Explosives) to Gigajoules Conversion Calculator", "Joules to Megatons Conversion Calculator", Blast effects of external explosions (Section 4.8. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter", "Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion", "Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter", "The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work? If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. But in Star Trek Generations, the Enterprise D is destroyed (or at least the Star Drive Section) in a massive explosion when they lose antimatter containment, and it has 3,000 m of antimatter storage. in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Back To Anycalculator.com Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. If antimatter makes contact with air it will cause an explosion. The approximate total yield of the super-eruption of the. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. It only takes a minute to sign up. Can we add matter and antimatter to the universe? The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. What Is Antimatter? The cost of creating antimatter like this makes it the world's most expensive substance. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! So to kill all humans you need 406,900 kg of antimatter. Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. It's the most expensive substance on Earth, costing quadrillions of dollars for a single gram. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. I definitely think #1 is overkill in his answer though. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. The solar irradiance on Earth every second. If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! But so far, this mysterious anti-stuff remains elusive. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. You can think of it as matter's evil twin. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. Today, it takes nearly a year for an unmanned spacecraft to reach Mars. ", "Beirut Explosion: What Happened in Lebanon and Everything Else You Need to Know", "Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media", "Seismic Experiments on the North German Explosions, 1946 to 1947", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, "Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects", "Kinetic Energy of Tornadoes in the United States", "Frequently Asked Questions Electricity", "Country Comparison:: Electricity consumption", "NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release? MathJax reference. Check your math. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. For a spherical blast wave, the change in pressure is: The above equation is known as the modified Friedlander equation, and it is used to calculate the change in pressure over time. The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Antimatter would do the same. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. A nuclear or positron reactor can make over 900 seconds. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey. Extreme caution is advised. It is a spherical or hemispherical-shaped wave that originates upon the detonation of explosives. 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. That gives you a nice $1,200 km^2$ blast incineration area. This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. Instead of wasting 1E28 joules in an antimatter explosion on the surface of Earth, how about a nice 1E20 J bomb set off in a carefully drilled hole inside 10 Hygiea -- wait a few months and let gravity do most of the heavy lifting (or falling in this case) when 10 Hygiea impacts the Earth. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? The recipethey use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. Lesser known is its role in studying the anti-particles of the Universe. It depends on the specific case or use. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Still a big bang. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. Would it level the building? Note It is convention to use ton compared to short ton, net ton American or tonne (1000 kilogrammes.) A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. Total solar output in all directions per day. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. which is equivalent to When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Was Aristarchus the first to propose heliocentrism? barrels of oil. A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. This stops it from making contact with matter. When a bit of matter comes into contact with its evil antimatter twin, they cancel each other out, releasing all the energy stored inside them. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. The problem you'll quickly run into is that the Earth is big. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. The neutrinos will carry away a fraction of the energy but the rest will heat the vicinity into a fireball. A city entirely? The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. A typical blast wave has a high-pressure jump, which denotes the wavefront. The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction.

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