is sea bass farmed in turkey safe to eat

Before The sea bass in Turkey is terrific! Ortega-Garca, J. Whats more, sharks, skate and rays have long lives and they mature late, meaning they do not reproduce until they are older. WhatS So Special About Chilean Sea Bass? Considering the average annual intake in Turkey and Netherlands, the consumption of sea bass, cultured by Turkey, is safe. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12864-3, Milenkovic, B., Stajic, J. M., Stojic, N., Pucarevic, M., & Strbac, S. (2019). The mildness helps impart the ingredients you mix with it, whether it's Southeast asian ingredients like lemongrass and chilis, or a classic Mediterranean preparation with fennel and tomatoes. Bass is a general term that encompasses a large number of fish, both freshwater and seawater. The Netherlands is the main buyer of the Turkish sea bass. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.189, Mille, T., Cresson, P., Chouvelonc, T., Bustamanted, P., Brach-Papaa, C., Bruzacc, S. et al. Is sea bass a good fish to eat? (I accept), Working to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and nature. Practices like these affect not only your health, but also the future of wild fish stocks, which we and countless other species depend on for our survival. (2019). Freshwater bass provides 33 percent of your daily value of vitamin B-12, compared to only 4 percent in sea bass. Report Number: NL20200056, Netherlands. o In the ocean, these include sharks and swordfish. The . The main source of black sea bass is the United States. (2018). 2022. Selenium health benefit values as seafood safety criteria. And wild caught salmon from Alaska is even better, since those populations are the most robust. But shrimp and salmon farms in Asia and Latin America have already given rise to ecological, social and political problems. Eat this instead: If you really love caviar, opt for fish eggs from American Lake Sturgeon or American Hackleback/Shovelnose Sturgeon caviar from the Mississippi River system; check out California Caviar which sources only sustainably harvested fish eggs. So as far as the omega 3 content is concerned cold water wild salmon is a much healthier choice. Sea bass is not only delicious and low in calories but also an excellent source for protein, selenium and essential omega-3 fatty acids. Theyre caught with bottom trawls, so they can have super high bycatch, she adds. Farmed production rose from zero in the late 1980s to about 180,000 tonnes in 2018. Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population. Morales, E. L., & Higuchi, A. A. For one, these predatory fish are extremely high in mercury, which is bad for human health. 2022 Mar;176:113442. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113442. In comparison salmon is estimated to contain 0.8 grams per 100 grams. This non-native species is another warm water species. Risk assessment for the consumers. Also, there is an abundance of big game fish, such as tuna, swordfish, and marlin. https://doi.org/10.1515/REVEH.2001.16.4.233, World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO FAO). What You Need to Know Before Taking Fish Oil, The Truth About that Fungus on 'The Last of Us'. (2017). Paper presented at the Tam rn, kap ve Ambalaj Standartlar Sempozyumu (TRKAS), Shangri-La Bosphorus, stanbul, 67 December. But that fat is where the problem lies. Se/Hg molar ratios were all above 1 and selenium health benefit values (Se-HBVs) were positive, indicating that selenium (Se) had a protective effect on Hg toxicity and positive health effects. From food co-ops, farmers markets and community supported agriculture (CSA), to stores devoted to natural, organic, local and sustainable fruits, veggies and other agricultural products shoppers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Plus, If you see sea scallops that are a uniform size and shape, you may be looking at shark, skate or rays. Shark-finning is illegal in the U.S., but its practice in other areas is causing devastation in shark-populations worldwide. The FDA recommends that pregnant women should not eat sea bass more than three times a week. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. klim deiikliinin su rnlerine ve tketimine etkisi. But its extremely important to think about where the fish comes from, says Marianne Cufone, Executive Director of Recirculating Farms Coalition, an organization dedicated to creating local land-based produce and fish systems using hydro- and aquaponics. Paper presented at the Tam rn, kap ve Ambalaj Standartlar Sempozyumu (TRKAS), Shangri-La Bosphorus, stanbul, 67 December. ), Atlantic mackerel, blue mussels, farmed oysters, Alaska pollock, canned pink/sockeye salmon, sardines. Lorraine Wade is all about natural food. Oysters (farmed) Farmed oysters are good for you (a 3-ounce serving contains over 300 mg of omega-3s and about a third of the recommended daily values of iron). Seabass was one of the first types of fish to be farmed commercially in Europe and is now considered to be the most important commercially farmed fish in the Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 19(2), 109117. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42716, Xu, X., Huo, Q., Dong, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, Z., Xian, S., Yang, Y., & Cheng, Z. Is there a difference between sea bass and Chilean sea bass. Fish farms were once promoted as a solution for over-fishing. Ulusoy, ., Mol, S. Trace elements in seabass, farmed by Turkey, and health risks to the main consumers: Turkish and Dutch populations. Where does Supermarket sea bass come from? Google Scholar. Eco Health, 5, 442455. Sea bass contains between 0.1 and 1.2 grams of EPA per 100 grams fish. Farmed fish is just as healthy and just as safe - and in some cases even safer - than wild-caught. To top it all off, the Patagonian toothfish/Chilean sea bass isn't just an endangered species; eating it frequently can endanger you due to its high mercury levels (via One Medical ). ), Atlantic mackerel, blue mussels, farmed oysters, Alaska pollock, canned pink/sockeye salmon, sardines. Below are the general guidelines Cufone gives to her friends who ask her what to order: The list will change because the industry is changing what might be the worst thing to eat now because of severe depletion could rebound a few years down the road with proper management. European sea bass (Branzino) is one of low calorie round fishes; 100 g holds just 97 calories. In Turkish cuisine this fish is either grilled, steamed or baked in salt. Target hazard quotient evaluation of cadmium and lead in fish from Caspian Sea. Most species of sea bass (with the exception of Chilean sea bass) are low in mercury, making it a good choice of fish when youre pregnant. What is sea bass in Turkey? 2022 Jan;29(3):3288-3301. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17130-0. EFSA Journal, 10(1), 2551. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2551, Ersoy, B., Yanar, Y., Kkglmez, A., & elik, M. (2006). akdeniz008. In addition to being easily digestable, it is rich in protein and contains folate, for which its consumption is also recommended during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.011. Sea bass is not only delicious and low in calories but also an excellent source for protein, selenium and essential omega-3 fatty acids. According to the CDC, it is considered an under-recognized risk for travelers, specifically in the tropics and subtropics. Branzino is light and flaky with a mildly sweet flavor not unlike sea bass or halibut. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15018, Article Considering the average annual intake in Turkey and Netherlands, the consumption of sea bass, cultured by Turkey, is safe. The authors would like to thank the aquaculture sectors for providing us with the fish samples. Tilapia thats been raised responsibly is a great option. The word barramundi comes from the Australian Aboriginal . In comparison salmon is estimated to contain 0.8 grams per 100 grams. (2016). Catfish. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Thornyhead. Barramundi, also known as Asian sea bass, is a white-fleshed fish with a sweet, mild flavor and firm texture, similar to snapper, grouper, striped bass, and sole. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 23(1), 111132. Blood cockle (farmed) Compare all Clams. Careers. (2005). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization (FAO WHO). Lorraine Wade is all about natural food. Barka, S., Pavillon, J. F., & Amiard, J. C. (2001). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3- 7 April 2017. Why you should skip it: Problems associated with our eating too many sharks happen all along the food chain, says Cufone. The European sea bass is a lean fish, recommended for those who follow a low-calorie diet. Food Control, 60, 329337. The fish also contains calcium, an essential mineral for more growth and health of bones and teeth. Shes a friendly person who loves to chat with others, and shes always looking for ways to help out in her community. PMC Seabass was one of the first types of fish to be farmed commercially in Europe and is now considered to be the most important commercially farmed fish in the Mediterranean. Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin, and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. The farmed bass rarely grows beyond three pounds and is usually harvested when it reaches a pound and a half. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.055, European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (EUMOFA). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.001, EFSA. Jont Fao/Who Food Standards Programme Codex Commttee On Contaminants in Foods Fifth Session The Hague, The Netherlands, 21- 25 March 2011. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 1(4), 160190. Galimberti, C., Corti, I., Cressoni, M., Moretti, V. M., Menotta, S., Galli, U., & Cambiaghi, D. (2016). Polyethylene off-shore cages with diameters between 20 and 50 m are used in marine sea bass and sea bream farming. Basim, Y., & Khoshnood, Z. Seabass is a type of fish found in the shallower regions of warm and tropical seas. Food Quality and Preference, 65, 101109. Trace metal concentrations in the muscle of seven marine species: Comparison between the Gulf of Lions (North-WestMediterranean Sea) and the Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic Ocean). Environ Int, 59, (2013) 6372. Varieties to look out for are King, Sockeye, Pink, Keta and Coho salmon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.020. Farming of sea bass was traditionally small scale and based on the capture of wild juveniles2, but it is now predominantly undertaken intensively in net pens, largely in southern European coastal waters using hatchery-reared seed (i.e. Risk assessment for the consumers. As European seabass have become increasingly popular, most product comes to market from farms in Greece and Turkey. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(98)00071-X, Ouali, N., Belabed, B. E., & Chenchouni, H. (2018). Potential health risks of heavy metals to the Turkish and Greek populations via consumption of spiny dogfish and thornback ray from the sea of Marmara. Epub 2021 Nov 10. Sesson of the Codex Commttee On Contaminants in Foods Report Of The 11th. Se/Hg molar ratios were all above 1 and selenium health benefit values (Se-HBVs) were positive, indicating that selenium (Se) had a protective effect on Hg toxicity and positive health effects. In addition to being easily digestable, it is rich in protein and contains folate, for which its consumption is also recommended during pregnancy. High mercury levels in these giant fish have caused EDF to issue a consumption advisory. Chilean sea bass has been touted for its silky texture and buttery flavor, but it has a complicated history.Since the early 2000s, the fish has been over-harvested, often illegally. If you know for sure that your crab is actually from Alaska, says Cufone youre okay. Thats because these crabs are actually two different critters. Why you should skip it: According to Cufone, tuna is bad news all around. Element levels in cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from the Adriatic Sea and potential risk assessment. So as far as the omega 3 content is concerned cold water wild salmon is a much healthier choice. Effects of soft electrophiles on selenium physiology. Assessment of contaminants and biomarkers of exposure in wild and farmed sea bass. Sea bass is considered a white fish, but it should not be consumed too often as it may contain a similar level of pollution as oily fish (source: NHS). (Antibiotic use is also a problem with imported shrimp). Black sea bass; Anchovies; Trout; Heard conflicting advice on salmon during pregnancy? ), spiny lobster (Australia/Baja/U.S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.02.001, Burger, J., & Gochfeld, M. (2011). LevrekSea Bass (Levrek) Although farmed sea bass can be supplied year-round, the best fresh sea bass in Turkey can be found on the markets from late-May through to September. Turkey ranked first in sea bass farming in Europe, and almost all extra-EU seabass come from this country. Heavy metal concentrations in wild and farmed gilthead sea bream from southern MediterraneanSea human health risk assessment. (2008). Barka, S., Pavillon, J. F., & Amiard, J. C. (2001). The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. This Turkish treat is a delicious one enriched with green chillies, tomato, mushrooms, bay leaf and nutmeg and will leave your family wanting more. They are divided into 12 species and are known for their low-fat meat and delightful flavour. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(00)001988. Human health hazarddueto metal uptake via fish consumption from coastal and fresh water waters in easternIndia along the Bay of Bengal. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270903448682, Ralston, N. V. C. (2018). In comparison salmon is estimated to contain 0.8 grams per 100 grams. And part of the reason fisheries are in trouble is that consumers dont always know the impacts of their choices many of us still make fish-buying decisions based on taste, price and texture rather than perceived sustainability, according to a study on British Columbian consumer habits. Food Chemistry, 99, 748751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0381-1, Ulusoy, S., Mol, S., Karakulak, F. S., & Kahraman, A. E. (2019). Organochlorine pesticide, antibiotic and heavy metal residues in mussel, crayfish and fish species from a reservoir on the Euphrates River, Turkey. . Effects of four cooking methods on the heavy metal concentrations of sea bass fillets (Dicentrarchus labrax Linne, 1785). doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02976.x. Toxic metals (Hg, Pb, and Cd) in commercially important demersal fish from Mediterranean sea: contamination levels and dietary exposure assessment. The Environmental Defense Fund recommends adults only consume two portions of Chilean sea bass each month and children only eat one portion each month due to the concerning levels of mercury. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1106-3, Trkmen, M., Trkmen, A., Tepe, Y. Keywords: Some people say eating octopus is the equivalent of eating marine mammals in terms of their mental capacity and abilities.. Bookshelf Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 127, 134214. The European sea bass is a lean fish, recommended for those who follow a low-calorie diet. Epub 2013 Mar 16. Food Chemistry,194:659670. Seabass is a type of fish found in the shallower regions of warm and tropical seas. It is also sold as yellow or silver eel. In the study, the concentrations of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were below the limits, but the level of cadmium (Cd) was above the guidelines, in spring and winter. Also, there is an abundance of big game fish, such as tuna, swordfish, and marlin. EU and UK markets drive sea bass and sea bream production in Turkey, Sea Bass and Sea Bream Supply Chain Study: From Turkey To Europe, Levrek Ve ipura Tedarik Zinciri alimasi: Trkiyeden Avrupaya. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000670, Seafood Report. Eat this instead: Stick with domestic, farm-raised catfish. Turkey. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) are silvery grey and live in the coastal waters of Europe and North Africa. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 32, 215220. It's native to the Indo-Pacific region of the ocean and is fished in the regions between India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Her friends and family are the lucky beneficiaries of her culinary skills! It is a different species type than the sea bass caught in U.S. waters. By and large, all seafood - both wild caught and farm raised - is considered to be some of the most safe and nutritious. volume194, Articlenumber:224 (2022) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 96, 183189, 2004. Fish Forward Project: Responsible seafood consumption for the benefit of people, oceans and climate. Mercury and selenium levels in 19 species of saltwater fish from New Jersey as a function of species, size, and season. A., Rodriguez, K., Calatayud, M., Martin, M., Vlez, D., Devesa, V., Olmedo, M. C., Pla, P. A., Hernndez, A. F., Barbier, F. et al. Eat this instead: Opt for yellow snapper or domestic catfish to get the same texture as orange roughy in your recipes. Arkan, M. S., Gkhan, E. E. (2017). of 11. Antagonistic interaction of mercury and selenium in a marinefish is dependent on their chemical species. Tengku Nur Alia, T. K. A., Hinga, L. S., Simb, S. F., Praditc, S., Ahmadd, A., & Ongae, M. C. (2020). The CDC recommends never eating moray eel or barracuda. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.060, Burger, J., & Gochfeld, M. (2005). Since the risk levels of communities may differ due to their eating habits, it is important to determine the public health impacts of the international fish trade. National Library of Medicine (2011). So as far as the omega 3 content is concerned cold water wild salmon is a much healthier choice. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition, 2nd ed. FOIA It is a long-lived fish, that takes ten to twenty years to reach maturitywhich means populations take a long time to recover, and fish tend to accumulate toxins like mercury of lengthy time periods. Is sea bass a farmed fish? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C. The ISO4 abbreviation of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 128(4), 479493. Branzino Vs. Chilean Sea Bass The authors declare no competing interests. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2018.1510997, Bilandzic, N., Dokic, M., & Sedak, M. (2011). United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Compare all Mullet. Vipers are the most common venomous snakes in Turkey, and the country has two varieties: Vipera barani also known as the common European adder and Montivipera xanthina, or the Ottoman viper. Is sea bass the same as Chilean sea bass? (2004). 8600 Rockville Pike Striped mullet. Correspondence to Seabass are carnivorous fish that require more fish in their diet that they actually produce, leading to a net loss of marine proteins and oils, the fish used to make their feed cannot be assured to be sourced from a sustainable supply. Farmed fish is just as healthy and just as safe - and in some cases even safer - than wild-caught. Sea bass contains between 0.1 and 1.2 grams of EPA per 100 grams fish. It is found in a large part of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from southern Norway to Senegal. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270903358428, Ralston, N. V. C. (2008). Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace metals in fish from freshwater polyculture ponds in Chengdu, China. Can I Eat Sea Bass If I Have High Cholesterol? Many folks find black sea bass to be the tastiest fish in the ocean. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103705a, Dural, M., Gksu, M. Z. L., zak, A. Sea bass is an important aquaculture species in the Mediterranean3,4, and Turkey, Greece Egypt and Spain are the most important farming countries, as the map shows. Freshwater Coho Salmon (farmed in tank systems, from the US). Prior to that, scientists knew the fish by the less mouth-watering name of Patagonian or Antarctic toothfish. Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Assessment of human health hazards associated with the dietary exposure to organic and inorganic contaminants through the consumption of fishery products in Spain. Regulations surrounding aquaculture practices are among the most stringent in the world (1). (The same farms account for the . National aquaculture sector overview. JFisheriesSciences.com,6(4):341356. European Journal of Pediatrics, 168, 10751080. Most consumers see it in sushi, but it is often high in PCBs and mercury, and eel populations are too often overharvested. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. European Sea Bass is a Bass found (you guessed it) in European waters, the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Where does Supermarket sea bass come from? Why you should skip it: The issue here is not that they are overfished theyre not, says Cufone. Therefore, potential health risks were determined for Turkish and Dutch consumers. Chemosphere, 229, 324331. Trkiyede ipura ve levrek yetitiricilii sektrnn ihracat yaps. Health orgs such as the American Heart Association recommend that we eat fish twice to three times a week, so while you want to choose carefully, dont let the fact that some fish should be avoided lead you to steer clear of all the swimmy creatures. Polyethylene off-shore cages with diameters between 20 and 50 m are used in marine sea bass and sea bream farming. The Netherlands is the main buyer of the Turkish sea bass. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.020, Dang, F., & Wang, W. X. Guguen M, Amiard JC, Arnich N, Badot PM, Claisse D, Gurin T, Vernoux JP. Eat this instead: When you shop for king crab, whatever the label says, ask whether it comes from Alaska or if it's imported. While hatcheries are land-based, the grow-out takes place off-shore in the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea. Review of the toxic trace elements arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in seafood species from Algeria and contiguous waters in the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea. Biological Trace Element Research, 191, 207213. (2009). (2018). Environmental Bioindicators, 4, 286290. World Health Organization. Therefore, potential health risks were determined for Turkish and Dutch consumers. Food Chemistry, 124, 10051010. True Alaskan King Crab from Alaska, is a protected U.S. fishery thats well managed, and stocks are healthy. Is Sea Bass Farmed In Turkey Safe To Eat? The sea bass, which should surely be the wildest of fish, is 'Farmed in Greece' while the Quality Checked salmon steaks are 'Fully traceable to farms that comply with comprehensive welfare,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.023. 76% of this value came from aquaculture and 24% from fisheries (that is, the capture of wild resources). Sea bass contains between 0.1 and 1.2 grams of EPA per 100 grams fish. But to avoid the higher levels of PCBs often found in farmed salmon, opt for wild (which also contains more of those healthy omega-3 fats) or organic farmed salmon. Salmon is definitely one of nature's best providers of DHA. It was not long ago that we rarely thought about where our food came from, let alone the how our choices impacted the environment, but these days many of us want to know not only what were eating, but where its from and if it was grown and harvested in sustainable way. CAS But check labels carefully. Trace elements in seafood from the Mediterranean Sea: An exposure risk assessment. Dicentrarchus labrax In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the popular restaurant fish sold and consumed as sea bass is exclusively the European bass. A., Rodriguez, K., Calatayud, M., Martin, M., Vlez, D., Devesa, V. et al. The Marmara and Aegean regions are the leading areas as far as level and variety of fish consumption are concerned. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. It analyzed 20 studies involving hundreds of thousands of . Tarm ve Orman Bakanl, Tarmsal Ekonomi ve Politika Gelitirme Enstits, TEPGE YAYIN NO: 317, ISBN: 978605 7599438 Ankara.https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20Raporlar%C4%B1/2020%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20Raporlar%C4%B1/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20Raporu%202020-317%20TEPGE.pdf, Cresson, P., Bouchoucha, M., Morat, F., Miralles, F., Chavanon, F., Loizeau, V., & Cossa, D. (2015). Dietary intake and potential health risk were found higher for the Dutch consumer, but all target hazard quotients (THQs) and total THQ (TTHQ) values were well below 1, showing no significant health risk due to the consumption of sea bass, cultured and exported by Turkey. Marine Pollution Bullettin, 125, 334340 335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.045, Lounas, R., Kasmi, H., Chernai, S., Amarni, N., Ghebriout, L., & Hamdi, B. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.066, Vinceti, M., Wei, E. T., Malagoli, C., Bergoini, M., & Vivoli, G. (2001). Although farmed sea bass can be supplied year-round, the best fresh sea bass in Turkey can be found on the markets from late-May through to September. It's also high in B12, niacin, and potassium, all while being low in fat, too. Other types of fish that may contain the toxin at unpredictable times include sea bass and a wide range of tropical reef and warm-water fish. In addition to being easily digestable, it is rich in protein and contains folate, for which its consumption is also recommended during pregnancy. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Accesed 4 May 2021, Storelli, M. M. (2008). EDF has issued a consumption advisory for Chilean sea bass due to high mercury levels: Adults should eat no more than two meals per month and children 12 and younger should eat it no more than once a month. How Do You Get Rid Of Fishy Taste In Canned Tuna? https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-008-0202-0, Ralston, N. V. C., Ralston, C. R., Blackwell, J. L., 3rd., & Raymond, L. J.

Chippewa Valley Cremation Obituaries, Why Is Ainsley Not On Fox And Friends Today, Scottie Scheffler Wife Height, Before The Llama Sings At Dusk Passphrase, Fnaf Security Breach Mobile, Articles I